Friday, April 28, 2006

...the Pursuit of Happiness

The above may be one of the most misunderstood concepts in America today. The idea of happiness can be understood both as a psychological and as an ethical state. Most people, in using the word happiness, are referring to the psychological state. A more apt word would be contentment. Our founding fathers, in constructing the Declaration of Independence were using the word in its ethical state. That is why they said, “...the Pursuit of Happiness” instead of just, ...Life, Liberty, and Happiness.

Happiness as a psychological state is transient. One moment you’re happy, the next moment you’re not. Also, different things make different people happy. Our founding fathers, arguably the greatest intellects in the past five hundred years, were far too smart to declare a universal right to one psychological state over any other. What about the right to be sad, to love or hate, be angry or pleased, etc.? Aren’t they equally important?

No, our founding fathers were referring to happiness as an ethical state. As an ethical state happiness is a life long journey that can only be judged at the end of ones life. That is why they used the construct the Pursuit of Happiness instead of just saying Happiness.

As a psychological state, happiness is about how you feel. As an ethical state, happiness is about how you live. In a conversation with some students at Stuyvesant High School, in New York City, Supreme Court Justice Anthony Kennedy gave civic virtue as the definition of the pursuit of happiness.

For an expanded examination of this subject, I recommend the book, Ten Philosophical Mistakes, by philosopher Mortimer J. Adler. He devotes all of Chapter 6, Happiness and Contentment, to a discussion of the two states where he defines ethical happiness as a morally good life.

Sunday, April 23, 2006

The problem with some people is not that they cannot understand complicated things. The problem is that they refuse to accept simple inescapable realities that go against their fantasies.

Thomas Sowell

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